Scriptures, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from THE HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®, NIV® Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide. Scriptures indicated NASB are taken from the NEW AMERICAN STANDARD BIBLE®, Copyright © 1960,1962,1963,1968,1971,1972,1973,1975,1977,1995 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. Scripture quotations marked (NLT) are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2007 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved. Scripture quotations marked HCSB are taken from the Holman Christian Standard Bible®, Copyright © 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2009 by Holman Bible Publishers. Used by permission. Holman Christian Standard Bible®, Holman CSB®, and HCSB® are federally registered trademarks of Holman Bible Publishers. Wherever indicated NCV, scripture taken from the New Century Version®. Copyright © 2005 by Thomas Nelson, Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Pentecostalism
Pentecostalism is a modern movement that rose in the early 20th century and has become one of the most influential forms of Christian worship worldwide. It is often marked by deep expectancy of God’s nearness and a strong emphasis on the gifts of the Holy Spirit, especially speaking in tongues. Many people today associate “tongues” with unintelligible speech because that is what they often encounter in contemporary worship settings. But in the New Testament’s first “tongues” moment at Pentecost, the emphasis falls on intelligible witness: people from many places hearing the message in their own languages. This raises careful questions worth exploring: what did the early church understand spiritual gifts to be for, why were signs and healings so closely tied to the gospel’s public witness, and how did Paul guide believers to value what lasts most - faith, hope, and love?